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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the coffee we love. But how exactly does it work?

In order to make espresso hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the key difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

The name implies the group head is where you insert your portafilter when making espresso. It disperses water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure of the extraction. There are a variety of types of group head, each with their distinct advantages and drawbacks. Some focus on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, while others are designed to control the lever. Some come with a combination of both, such as the E61. This is a popular choice among baristas as it provides a variety of advantages in a single package.

As you can see in the photo above The group head features numerous notches that you can put your portafilter, then twist it with your hands to lock it in. There is also a gasket made of rubber in the notches, which helps create an airtight seal after inserting your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head permit an exact placement of the portafilter, which is necessary for an even extraction.

The group head not only lets the portafilter to be inserted easily however it also keeps an even temperature. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew pan and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the right temperature for extraction. It is important to note that even a few degree deviation can make the difference between a decent and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps that are used in rotary espresso machines supply the nine atmospheric bar pressure required to extract espresso. This is different from manual piston machines that use levers. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally less expensive than piston-driven machines, and tend to last longer, although both types of machines can get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. They also create mechanical complexity that can lead to costly prices for even the most basic models.

Certain espresso machines eliminate the pump entirely and employ steam pressure to create espresso. The drawback is that the boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water to the point of boiling and can result in over-extraction. Additionally, these machines frequently have to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines make use of the rotary or vibration pump, which has a vibration model using a rotating disc to create pressure and the rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high end espresso machine speed. Both types of machine can make excellent espresso, but rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the part that heats the water to the optimal temperature to extract. The steam produced is then directed to the portafilter, which is a container for italian espresso machines grounds. It is then pumped into the cup. The steam creates enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This results in a whipped-up the top of the espresso. This is one of the hallmarks of a good espresso.

There are three types of buy espresso machine machines, each with distinct pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are various ways in which the brew can be controlled as well as the size of the cup the maker can create.

The earliest espresso machines were steam types. They used only one boiler to make both steam and brew, but the pressure they could generate was low - only two bars of atmospheric pressure at most. This resulted in the coffee tasting bitter and burnt. This is why the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni created the modern espresso machine.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. These are the things people think of when they imagine an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself The pump, however, regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and mechanized accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically use a filter that separates the grounds of coffee from hot water. The filter is also a vital part of the machine's temperature control, as it prevents overheating.

Filters also aid in flavor as it allows for an extended flowering time. This lets the beans release their flavor and improves extraction.

It is important to remember that even the best filter can result in a bad cup of coffee. The quality espresso machine of the beans, and the extraction process remain vital.

This is where the magic happens, and it's what makes espresso taste good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, which is the thingy that you use to put the coffee grounds in, when making espresso.

In the steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam. Steam is then pushed through the grounds at high pressure. They are less expensive and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited for creating the ideal brewing conditions as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven retro espresso maker machines have become more popular. They utilize an air compressor to push hot water into the grounds and are more portable than electric steam-driven machines.