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Types of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders can be identified when fear or anxiety are constant, chronic and affecting daily life. Psychotherapy or talk therapy and medication are effective treatments.

First, consult your doctor to rule any physical conditions out that could be causing symptoms. Then, a psychiatrist or another mental health specialist can diagnose the type of anxiety disorder you are suffering from.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Every person experiences anxiety now and then, and there can be good reasons to be concerned about things like job obligations, health or money. When the worry becomes constant and takes over your life, it may be a more serious anxiety disorder known as generalized anxiety disorder. GAD is characterized by dread and anxiety that can impact a person's entire life. They tend to think that they are the worst and that minor problems can turn into major catastrophes. GAD can be experienced by anyone, and usually starts in the adolescent years or early childhood, but can occur at any time. It is twice as common for women and in those who are born female.

GAD can cause physical issues such as headaches or stomachaches. It can also make it difficult to fall asleep. It can cause people to feel depressed and self-esteem erode. It can affect the activities of work and social life. People with severe, chronic GAD are at a greater risk of depression. However, treatment can help to manage both conditions.

While the exact cause of anxiety isn't known but it is clear that anxiety disorders are related to genetics and changes to brain structures that affect the body's response to stress. Some experts believe that an imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain plays an important role.

GAD is not curable, but it can be controlled by psychotherapy (talk-therapy) and medications. Psychotherapy or talk therapy comprises a range of treatments that help you identify and modify negative thoughts, emotions and behavior. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a form of therapy that can assist you in overcoming your thinking patterns that are unbalanced and reduce your fears by confronting them. Medicines can ease some of the physical symptoms, including dizziness and heart palpitations. They include benzodiazepines and antidepressants, as well as some medications that treat seizures, like hydroxyzine.

GAD isn't easy to identify, but it is important to seek help if you notice worrying and other symptoms of the disorder. It is much easier to treat when you seek help early, before the physical and emotional symptoms take over your life.

Panic disorder

This anxiety disorder is characterized by sudden, intense sensations of terror and fear (panic attacks) which peak within minutes. This disorder can also cause chest pain, shortness breath or the sensation that your heart is fluttering or beating (heart palpitations). They may be concerned that the symptoms they are experiencing could be signs of a heart attacks. People who have panic disorder are at risk for developing other anxiety disorders and could be more susceptible to depression or other health problems, such as asthma or hyperthyroidism.

Researchers believe that anxiety disorders are caused by a combination factors. Certain studies suggest that they may be linked to malfunctioning circuits in the brain that regulate emotion and fear. Other studies suggest that genetics, life experiences such as childhood abuse, or traumatizing events are typical causes of anxiety disorder. Many people with anxiety disorders have a first degree relative who has the disorder.

Anxiety disorders can cause people to feel anxious all the time even when they realize their fears are not rational. This can lead to problems in social situations, at work or in school. People with anxiety disorders may also have difficulty sleeping or eating well. They might also experience tension in the muscles, irritability and trouble concentrating.

A person with generalized anxious disorder may worry about a wide range of everyday activities such as work responsibilities and family problems. They may also be irritable and tired, or have trouble in concentrating. They may also worry about their own safety or that of others.

The good news is that there are effective treatments for anxiety disorders. The treatments include medications psychotherapy, psychotherapy and other complementary health methods. A mental health professional can assist you to identify which disorder is causing your symptoms and suggest the best treatment. Psychotherapy or talk therapy can help you deal with anxiety and decrease anxiety attacks. There are a variety of psychotherapy options available, including cognitive behavior therapy and exposure response prevention. These therapies can be done individually or in groups.

Social anxiety disorder

Although many people feel anxious or shy in certain situations, social anxiety disorder causes such intense fear, anxiety and avoidance of social interactions that it causes problems with normal life activities. It can be present in the early years of adulthood, however it typically begins in the early years of childhood. It is usually manifested as anxiety about specific social situations, such as speaking in class or going on date, but it may be more generalized and include avoidance of any situation that could result in being judged by others.

While the person with SAD recognizes that their fear is not rational, they feel helpless natural ways to treat anxiety disorder overcome it. They try to manage their symptoms by avoiding situations that trigger anxiety, but this makes them feel even more anxious. They might also develop "safety behavior" to help lessen their anxiety, like drinking alcohol, staying silent and avoid eye contact.

Certain people with SAD may benefit from medication for social anxiety disorder in addition to psychological treatment. These antidepressants can help balance certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Some examples of these medications are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

If you or someone you know suffers from social anxiety disorder, it's essential to get treatment. The condition can be debilitating if left untreated and can cause other mental health problems like addiction and depression. If you or someone else who you know is experiencing suicidal thoughts contact 911 or your local crisis hotline or text TALK (741741) to talk to an emergency counselor.

Anxiety disorders can be treated, but only about 1 in 4 people who need treatment receive it. Treatment is impeded due to an absence of awareness of anxiety disorder behaviors disorders, the lack of investment in mental services, and stigma. It's also crucial to make sure that your healthcare provider recognizes the different kinds of anxiety disorders so that you can be appropriately diagnosed and treated. Ask your doctor to refer to an expert in mental health if you are unsure whether you have anxiety disorder or use an online screening tool.

Specific Phobias

A person with specific phobia has a persistent and intense fear of one or more objects, situations, animals or other people. The fear may be insignificant to the threat of the object or situation however they can cause significant distress and interfere with functioning in daily life. Specific phobias are different from other anxiety disorders because they involve anxiety about a single stimulus, rather than multiple stimuli. The object or event that is feared could be anything from heights to dogs to flying, injections, or crowded spaces. The condition is prevalent throughout the world and is more common among women than men and tends to begin in childhood or adolescence. Specific phobias are not unreasonable fears however, the fear is real.

Children who suffer from specific phobias typically outgrow them, however if a fear persists in adults, it can be extremely difficult to treat. Doctors diagnose the disorder based upon the reported symptoms and their impact on daily function. They exclude other conditions that may be similar, such as agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder before diagnosing the fear. In previous DSM editions, patients of adult age were required to recognize their irrational fear as a part of the diagnosis, but the 2013 edition says it is no longer necessary for adults.

Treatment options for certain phobias include cognitive behavior therapy and exposure-based therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses primarily on educating people about healthier strategies for coping and altering their reaction to fear. Exposure-based treatment involves gradual and systematic exposure of the object or situation that is feared. A patient may start with thinking about the object or event, then move on to looking at images of the subject, taking an action towards it (such as walking past an elevator) or holding a toy snake, going to a zoo for a look at real snakes, and finally riding in a crowded elevator. Although this type of therapy is not able to cure a phobia but it can dramatically decrease the severity of its symptoms.

Psychotherapy and medicines like antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications are also options for treating certain phobias. People suffering from specific phobias who test these therapies often have better results.